The Smooth Hammerhead Shark takes its name from the absence of any indentations on its hammer shaped head. As well as the copepod Kroyeria sphyrn (Dippenaar et al., 2001). University of California Press. 1. At present, this species remains relatively common and has been assessed as "Vulnerable (VU)" by the World Conservation Union. Females become sexually mature when they’re about 250-300 cm long. However, due to the smooth hammerhead's occurrence in temperate regions where people are less likely to enter the water, it was likely responsible for a minority of these attacks. The scientific name of the shark is Sphyrna lewini. The smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae.This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape (called the "cephalofoil"), without an indentation in the middle of the front margin (hence "smooth"). Figure 1. Smooth Hammerhead Shark Skull is museum quality polyurethane Cast. Other common names for this species include common hammerhead, common smooth hammerhead, round-headed hammerhead, or simply hammerhead. and Benz, G.W., 2001. When fully grown, it gets to 6 meters in length (20ft) and weighs 170 kilograms (600 pounds). To learn about smooth hammerhead behavior, the research team satellite tagged juvenile hammerhead sharks off the U.S. Mid-Atlantic coast and then tracked the sharks for up to 15 months. Pelvic fins are not falcate with straight or slightly concave posterior margins. In the US, smooth hammerhead sharks are grouped with large coastal species, a group that biologists consider being most vulnerable to overfishing. They are commonly found in all oceans, and their size varies by species from a half-meter shark to the largest 6-meter shark. Common Name: Smooth Hammerhead Shark Scientific Name: Sphyrna zygaena Life History: The Smooth Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna zygaena) can be distinguished from other species of hammerheads species by its wide and smooth cephalofoil, or ‘hammer head’, with a distinct notch at each end near the eye. The smooth hammerhead is potentially dangerous to humans. As of 2008, the International Shark Attack File lists 34 attacks attributable to large hammerhead sharks, 17 of them unprovoked (1 fatal). Published scientific estimates of hammerhead shark population declines from various ocean basins worldwide. The oft-repeated claim of a 1937 capture from the Kattegat (Denmark) is incorrect, as a photo from the incident has revealed that it was a basking shark. To learn about smooth hammerhead behavior, the research team satellite tagged juvenile hammerhead sharks off the US Mid-Atlantic coast and then tracked the sharks for up … The Smooth Hammerhead Shark has a broad distribution worldwide but prefers temperate waters. Denticles are as broad as they are long with small specimens possessing three ridges extending from the center to the posterior edge, while large individuals have five to seven ridges extending about halfway back from the anterior margin and 3-5 teeth along the posterior margin with the middle one the longer than the others (Tanaka et al., 2002). The family scientific name for hammerhead sharks, Sphyra, is the Greek word for “hammer.” In the central and eastern Pacific, it occurs off the Hawaiian Islands, California, Panama, the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Chile. The smooth hammerhead shark is one of nine species of hammerhead sharks. There are nine species of hammerhead sharks.These include Sphyrna corona (scalloped bonnethead, crown shark, mallethead shark), Sphyrna lewini (scalloped hammerhead), Sphyrna media (scoophead shark), Sphyrna mokarran (squat-headed hammerhead shark, great hammerhead), Sphyrna tiburo (bonnethead shark), Sphyrna tudes (smalleye hammerhead shark, curry … The smooth hammerhead differs from other large hammerheads in the shape of its cephalofoil, which has a curved front margin without an indentation in the center. Size - Up to 4m Weight - Up to 400kg Life Expectancy - Up to 20 years. Dinâmica de populações e pesca do tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini capturado no mar territorial e zona econômica exclusiva do sudeste-sul do Brasil. smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena). and named Squalus zygaena; however, this name was later changed to current scientific species name of Sphyrna zygaena (Linneaus 1758) (Bester n.d.). Biologia e status conservação dos tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini e S. zygaena. Vooren, C.M., Klippel, S. and Galina, A.B. This shark is thought to live for 20 years or more. 2007). Younger sharks may gather together in huge schools to migrate, travelling south in winter and north in summer. The cephalofoil is wide but short, measuring 26–29% of the body length across. However, this species has been reported in depths from 0-200 m (0-656 ft.) (Kotas, 2004; Vooren et al., 2005; Ebert, 2003). Broad and narrow-bladed head with a broadly arched anterior margin and no median indentation. The Smooth Hammerhead is also taken by the commercial line fishery and recreational game fishery off New South Wales (NSW) where combined hammerhead commercial catches have averaged ~3 t in the last five years. The nematodes Parascarophis sphyrnae and Contracaecum sp. Sphyrna zygaena is a large-bodied and highly mobile hammerhead shark with active and strong swimming capacities. This is in contrast to the brown coloration that is common to many other species of hammerheads. Kotas, J.E. Articles Characteristics Species Record Weird Sea Creatures Contact : Hammerhead Species. prey: Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 - Common Dolphifish. Habitat & Behaviour. comm.) Larger sharks will prey on juveniles and sub-adults, however, adults have no major predators. The cephalofoil is wide but short, measuring 26–29% of the body length across. Why have two species of hammerhead sharks been listed? The sharks were fitted with fin-mounted satellite tags that reported the sharks’ movements in near real time via a satellite link to the researchers. Smooth Hammerhead: NSW, VIC, TAS, SA, WA . Males mature at roughly 250-260 cm (8.2-8.5 ft.) and females at 265 cm (8.7 ft.) (Stevens, 1984). Casper, B.M. Tanaka, S., Kitamura, T. and Nakano, H., 2002. Description. Description: Hammerhead Sharks are a strange looking with its hammer type looking head, but very tough fighting Shark . The name Sphyrna translates from Greek to the English language “hammer”, referring to the hammer-shaped head of this species. Hammerhead Shark (sphyrna zygaena) is a fish type animal. Typically, bonnethead sharks are about 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) long, with a maximum size of about 5 ft (150 cm). The head is indented opposite each nostril. Occurrence and feeding of three shark species, Southall, E.J. Salt/Fresh: Salt. A relatively common shark, it is captured, intentionally or otherwise, by many commercial fisheries throughout its range; its fins are extremely valuable for use in shark fin soup. They can be distinguished from other hammerheads by their large "hammer," which has a … The great hammerhead and the smooth hammerhead are the biggest with a length of 20 ft (6.1 m). In Greek, the word Sphyrna means hammer, which describes the most unique feature of hammerheads, the hammer-shaped head. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA have concluded differently: while the smooth and great hammerheads are closely related, they are not as closely related to the scalloped hammerhead as the other Sphyrna species. Characterized by a broad, smooth, spade-like head, it has the smallest cephalofoil (hammerhead) of all Sphyrna species. There are 26-32 triangular, smooth-edged teeth in each side of the upper jaw and 25-30 smooth or weakly serrated teeth in the lower (Ebert, 2003). As you might guess by its name, the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest of the hammerhead sharks. 1975). The moderately tall first dorsal fin has a rounded apex and is falcate in shape with a free rear tip in front of the origin of the pelvic fins. Hammerhead Shark – Scientific name: Sphyrnidae. Studies are currently ongoing to learn more about this amazing animal. The scientific evidence available suggests Australia shares some of these stocks with other countries in the region (Simpfendorfer, 2014). Sears Found. The mouth is strongly arched. The species reaches an average length of 13.1 feet (4 m) and weight of 500 pounds (230 kg). There are four types of Hammerhead shark in Australian waters; Scalloped hammerhead, Great Hammerhead (which can grow up to 6 metres), Smooth hammerhead and Winghead. Mem. Scientific & Common Names. At night it goes hunting on its own. The largest of which are the Great, Scalloped and Smooth. The families Carcharhinidae (excluding. The head (or cephalophoil) of a Smooth Hammerhead is smooth and more rounded in shape. Of the hammerhead sharks, the smooth hammerhead is the species most tolerant of temperate water, and occurs worldwide to higher latitudes than any other species within its family. The venomous barbs of stingrays are often found lodged in and around the mouths of these sharks; one specimen examined contained 95 such spines. Dippenaar, S.M., Olivier, P.A. The longest great hammerhead shark ever recorded was 20 feet (6.1 m) long, and the heaviest great hammerhead shark ever recorded was 991 pounds (450 kg). Females bear relatively large litters of 20–50 pups after a gestation period of 10–11 months. Pelvic fins with straight to nearly concave rear margins. Size: Hammerheads range from under 1 metre, up to the Great Hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) averaging 3.5 metres, but with a largest reported size of 6 metres and 450kg. pp. Fishes of the western North At- lantic, Part 1. New Zealand. III. This species is found worldwide in temperate waters. Gerard Soury/Oxford Scientific/Getty Images. Every species has two Latin names which allow people to be certain they are talking about the same creature no matter what language they speak. Other names = Common Hammerhead = Common Hammerhead Shark = Hammerhead = Round Headed Hammerhead = Round-headed Hammer Head Shark = Round-headed Hammerhead = Round-headed Hammerhead Shark = Smooth Hammerhead. The origin of this first dorsal is located over the pectoral fin insertions. Identificación y caracterización de áreas de cría del tiburón Martillo (. Broad and narrow-bladed head with a broadly arched anterior margin and no median indentation. The nostrils are located near the ends of the cephalofoil, with long grooves running towards the center. Smale, M.J. 1991. The meat is sold fresh, dried and salted, or smoked, though in most markets it is considered undesirable and there are reports of poisoning. Identification of shark species by SEM observation of denticle of shark fins. More >> Links and … Mar. Most hammerheads have indentations at the front part of their hammer, but Sphyrna zygaena doesn’t, hence their name “smooth” hammerhead. Like other hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead is viviparous: once the young exhaust their supply of yolk, the empty yolk sac is converted into a placental connection through which the mother delivers nourishment. Source: CEPSUL collection, Jorge E. Kotas. 2. The distribution within the Pacific Ocean includes from Vietnam to Japan and Australia and New Zealand in the west, the Hawaiian Islands in the central region, and California (U.S.), Panama, and South America’s West coast (Compagno, 2005; Last and Stevens 1994). Common hammerhead. Linnaeus, considered the “Father of Taxonomy”, created the system of naming species that is still in use today. This shark has also been reported entering freshwater habitats, such as the Indian River in Florida. The Greek name zýgaina had already been used for the hammerhead shark by Aristotle in the second book of his History of Animals. Hammerhead sharks are consummate predators that use their oddly shaped heads to improve their ability to find prey. According to the International Shark Attack File, there have been 15 unprovoked attacks for all species of the genus Sphyrna, but no fatalities. English:           scalloped hammerhead, bronze hammerhead shark, hammerhead, hammerhead shark, kidney-headed shark, scalloped hammerhead shark, and southern hammerhead shark Common Names. Hammerhead sharks are an iconic species inhabiting Australia’s waters. 1.5 Scientific synonyms 1.6 Common name(s): English: Smooth hammerhead shark French: Requin-marteau commun Spanish: Tiburón martillo liso German: Glatter Hammerhai Italian: Squalo martello comune Portuguese: Tubarão-martelo-liso, Cambevota, Cambeva-preta, Panam . Etymology Scientific Names Scalloped hammerhead was first described by Griffith and Smith as Zygaena lewini in 1834, then renamed as Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) and remained using this name. Biology: Sphyrna Zygaena is viviparous. In the western Pacific, it occurs from the Gulf of Tonkin to southern Japan and Siberia, as well as off Australia and New Zealand. The species is viviparous with the eggs hatching inside the body and the embryos nourished by a yolk sac placenta. The species is believed to live 20 years or more, but this is not yet known (Casper, 2005). Off South Africa, newly mated females have been caught in February and females with full-term embryos in November; off the east coast of Australia, birthing takes place between January and March, with ovulation taking place around the same time. Smooth … The hammerhead sharks are recognized by their laterally expanded head that resembles a hammer (hence the common name “hammerhead”). The hammerhead shark family is made up of 8 species. Unlike other hammerheads, this species prefers temperate waters an… The weight of this animal is about 230-450kg (500-1000lbs) and average life span is 20-25 years. Tope Shark – Appendix II (otherwise known in Australia as school shark) The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) requires that, once listed on either Appendix to the Convention, all species must be included on the list of migratory species established under the Act. In Northern Europe, there are only six confirmed records from the British Isles, all but one (at Banffshire) from the southern part of the archipelago and all but one (in 2004) from more than 100 years ago. Off southern California, this species has been reported to steal catches from sport fishers and divers. The listing of Vulnerable Species is provided for by Part 7A, Division 2 of the Act. Feeding mainly on squid and boney fish, but crustaceans and smaller sharks and rays have been reported as well (Bass et al., 1975; Compagno, 1984; Stevens, 1984; Smale, 1991; Last and Stevens, 1994). Sphyrna zygaena. Sporting a wide and smooth cephalophoil or “hammerhead” this seasonal migrant is the second largest in the genus Sphyrna. X:234 ('Habitat in Europa, America'). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Scientific name: Sphyrna zygaena The smooth hammerhead shark is found in nearly all warm temperature and tropical waters. They can be distinguished from other hammerheads by their large "hammer," which has a … Relationship with Humans. Due to their high fin ray count, they and other hammerheads are among the most desired species in the Asian shark fin market. 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