", Fouche & Robespierre, le 9 thermidor by Arnaud Louis Raoul Comte de Martel, p. 238-239, "The public prosecutor of the Terror by A.Q. Hamel, Ernest (1897) Thermidor: d'après les sources originales et les documents authentiques (in French) (2nd ed.). Questions and answers about Maximilien Robespierre. Internationale. It was at his suggestion that the Constituent Assembly passed an act according to which its members were banned from being elected to the future French parliament. Start studying History - Maximilien Robespierre. Maximilien is born Maximilien Robespierre was born on May 6th, 1758 in Arras, France. The next day Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd. Content on Alpha History is written specifically for students at middle school, high school and undergraduate levels. Profile Books Ltd. Dunoyer, Alphonse (1913) The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville. In the latter months of 1793 he came to dominate the Committee of Public Safety, the principal organ of the Revolutionary government during the Reign of Terror, but in 1794 he was overthrown and executed. His Last Speech by Maximilien Marie Isidore Robespierre. (Date was actually just during 1781, not January 1st.) He also defended patriotic soldiers, such as those of the Châteauvieux regiment, who had been imprisoned after their mutiny at Nancy. Fouquier-Tinville, p. 117", Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 30 July 1794, Gazette nationale ou le Moniteur universel 16 August 1794, p. 4, Précis historique inédit des événemens de la soirée du 9 Thermidor An II by Charles-André Méda, p. 384-385, Memoirs of the Sansons, from private notes and documents, 1688-1847 / edited by Henry Sanson", p. 202-203, "La fin tragique de Robespierre et de ses amis le 9 thermidor. Verso. Maximilien Robespierre began his political career in 1789, when he was elected to represent the Third Estate of Artois in the pre-Revolutionary Estates-General. - L'ARBR- Les Amis de Robespierre", OCR A Level History: The French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon 1774-1815 by Mike Wells, Non-Violence and the French Revolution: Political Demonstrations in Paris ... by Micah Alpaugh, p. 245-246, "The meaning of 9 Thermidor - A People's History of the French Revolution", http://www.laviedesidees.fr/L-epuisement-de-Robespierre.html, Letters Written in France By Helen Maria Williams, p. 178, 185, http://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/12537, François Crouzet (1999) Historians and the French Revolution: the case of Maximilien Robespierre, p. 256-261, http://www.booksandideas.net/Robespierre-the-Indecisive.html, The Enlightenment that Failed: Ideas, Revolution, and Democratic Defeat ...by Jonathan I. Israel, 482, Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale ..., Volume 5 by Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux, Charles O. Barbaroux, p. 62-63, https://statues.vanderkrogt.net/object.php?webpage=ST&record=frif030, https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/spip.php?page=document&id_document=1028036, https://patrimoine.seinesaintdenis.fr/spip.php?page=document&id_document=1028019, http://www.nella-buscot.com/jardins_montpellier_prf_2.php, Lewes, G.H. French Revolution Primary Source Documents. "Robespierre in French and English language publications since 2000. Maximilien de Robespierre, a key figure in the French Revolution, helped to upend the monarchy. Occupation: French Revolutionary. In May he had successfully proposed that all new deputies be elected to the next legislature so that, as a new body, it would better express the people’s will. 30 March 2000. Built in 1730, the house has had a varied history as a typing school, and a craftsmen's museum, but is now being developed as a Robespierre Museum. "The overthrow of Maximilien Robespierre and the "indifference" of the people.". Maximilian Robespierre was the leader of Jacobins club which led a successful revolt and came to power. ... Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are best known for a.Sending French troops to fight in the American Revolution Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. Davidson, Ian (2016) The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny. New York: G.P. "Robespierre, the Duke of York, and Pisistratus During the French Revolutionary Terror", The Law of Prairial and the Great Terror (Fall, year IV), 'Come and Dine': The Dangers of Conspicuous Consumption in French Revolutionary Politics, 1789-1795' by Marisa Linton and Mette Harder, Lazare Carnot, republican patriot, by Huntley Dupre, p. 185-187, "Lazare Carnot, French military engineer", Petites Chroniques #14 : La Révolution française — 1790 à 1794 ..., Band 14, "II. 6. His speech on December 3 rallied the hesitant. When Brissot’s supporters stirred up opinion against him, Robespierre founded a newspaper, Le Défenseur de la Constitution (“Defense of the Constitution”), which strengthened his hand. attempting to preserve the monarchy of Louis XVI. Assembly of Colonists Vincent Ogé the Younger. His mother died when Robespierre was an infant and his father abandoned the family shortly after, leaving Robespierre and his siblings to be raised by their grandparents. ", Belissa, Marc, and Julien Louvrier. "The Political Ideas of Maximilien Robespierre during the Period of the Convention". It targeted and systematically executed perceived enemies of the Revolution. trying to eliminate enemies of the French Revolution. On 14 Octobre 1923, a plaque was placed on the house at 9 Rue Maximilien Robespierre (formerly Rue des Rapporteurs) rented by the three Robespierre siblings in 1787–1789, in the presence of the mayor Gustave Lemelle, Albert Mathiez and Louis Jacob. On June 2 the decree was passed against 29 of them. Bryan, William Jennings, ed. His name is often associated with the French Revolution. Contrary to the long-held belief that Robespierre led an isolated life, he often visited local notables and mingled with the young people of the district. Edited by François Furet and Mona Ozouf, "Georges Danton | French revolutionary leader", LAST LETTER OF MARIE-ANTOINETTE Centre historique des Archives nationale, Non-Violence and the French Revolution: Political Demonstrations in Paris ... by Micah Alpaugh, p. 158, Press in the French Revolution by John Thomas Gilchrist, p. 19, "Rousseau, Robespierre, and the French Revolution by James Read, p. 4", "On the Principles of Political Morality, February 1794", "Rousseau, Robespierre, and the French Revolution by James Read, p. 3", The public prosecutor of the terror, Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville, p. 250, The Morning Chronicle (18 August) and Gazette Nationale ou Le Moniteur Universel (29 July), Collection complète des lois, décrets d'intérêe général, traités ..., Band 7, p. 149, Nationality and Citizenship in Revolutionary France: The Treatment of Foreigners by Michael Rapport, p. 203, History of the French Revolution by Adolphe Thiers, p. 426, A People's History of the French Revolution by Éric Hazan, p. 361-362, 19, "P. McPhee (2013) "My Strength and My Health Are not Great Enough": Political Crises and Medical Crises in the Life of Maximilien Robespierre, 1790–1794. Vol. In: Annales historiques de la Révolution française 2013/1 (No. On Giving Women the Right of Citizenship by Condorcet. Maximilien Robespierre © Robespierre was a French lawyer and politician who became one of the most influential figures of the French Revolution. 1792-09-26 Marc-David Lasource begins accusing Maximilien Robespierre of wanting a dictatorship for France; 1794-07-27 Maximilien Robespierre is overthrown in a coup in Paris; 1794-07-28 French Revolutionary figure Maximilien Robespierre and 22 other leaders of "the Terror" guillotined to thunderous cheers in Paris Before the overthrow of the monarchy Robespierre was a hesitant and anxious lawyer whose physical countenance was fatigued and pale. 900 seconds. VII. The period from 1793 to 1794 was know as "Reign of terror". Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer, politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. "Never the Same Again: On Some Recent Interpretations of the French Revolution.". Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The treason of General Charles Dumouriez, who went over to the Austrians, precipitated the crisis. Recueil de documents pour l'histoire du club des Jacobins de Paris (in French). He worked as a criminal judge and eventually became a successful advocate and chose overwhelmingly to represent the poor. Author of. Blanc, Louis Jean Joseph (1869). ", Poirot, Thibaut. Maximilien Robespierre, radical Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the French Revolution. Maximilien Robespierre was a radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789. Omissions? He denounced the secret intrigues of the court and of the royalists, their collusion with Austria, the unpreparedness of the army, and the possible treason of aristocratic officers whose dismissal he demanded in February 1792. Robespierre briefly presided over the influential Jacobin Club, a political club based in Paris. A Peoples' History 1793 – 1844 from the newspapers. He took a radical, democratic stance and was known as the Incorruptible for his dedication to civic morality. ", Jones, Colin. Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer and statesman who was one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. Maximilien Robespierre has always been known to be controversial and misunderstood. Maximilien Robespierre. Robespierre was the architect of the Reign of Terror in France. The American Revolution (1763-1789) The French Revolution (1781-1795) World War I (1914-1918) The Russian Revolution (1905-1924) His private practice provided him with a comfortable income. History >> Biography >> French Revolution. 2 (2011): 188-213 by Elisabeth Cross, Lazare Carnot, republican patriot, by Huntley Dupre, p. 48, Collection Complète des Lois, Décrets, Ordonnances, Réglements, p. 330, Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale ..., Volume 5 by Charles Jean Marie Barbaroux, Charles O. Barbaroux, p. 62, "The journée of 20 June, the Brunswick Manifesto, the taking of the Tuileries, the end of the monarchy, the September massacres - A People's History of the French Revolution", "F. Furet & M. Ozouf (1989) A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution, p. 139", The French Revolution: From Enlightenment to Tyranny by Ian Davidson, p. xiv, 126, Mémoires de Charlotte Robespierre sur ses deux frères, p. 76, Jacques Pierre Brissot in America and France, 1788–1793: In Search of Better ... by Bette W. Oliver, p. 112, The French Legislative Assembly of 1791 by C. J. Mitchell, p. 174, "Maximilien, François, Marie, Isidore, Joseph de Robespierre — Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 — Assemblée nationale", The Works: With Memoirs of His Life and Writings by Robert Anderson, Volume 3 by John Moore, p. 377-379, The Enlightenment that Failed: Ideas, Revolution, and Democratic Defeat ... By Jonathan I. Israel, p. 483, The French Revolution: Faith, Desire and Politics by Noah Shusterman, p. 147, "All of His Power Lies in the Distaff: Robespierre, Women and the French Revolution", Oeuvres de Maximilien Robespierre, Band 9 by Maximilien Robespierre,p. In 1994, a plaque was unveiled by ARBR on the façade of the Carrauts’ brewery on the Rue Ronville, where Maximilien and Augustin were brought up by their grandparents. Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) was one of the leaders and orators of the French Revolution of 1789, best known for his involvement in the Reign of Terror that followed. As a lawyer representing poor people, he had alarmed the privileged classes by his protests in his “Mémoire pour le Sieur Dupond” (“Report for Lord Dupond”) against royal absolutism and arbitrary justice. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). London. La fabrication d’un monstre, Le Grand Méchant Robespierre – Marc Bélissa and Yannick Bosc – discussion in French, dissecting the creation of the, Hervé Leuwers (University of Lille) on Robespierre (French), Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maximilien_Robespierre&oldid=993995824, Deputies to the French National Convention, French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Cobban, Alfred. Gender, the Late Eighteenth Century, and the French Revolution Revisited. He opposed the royal veto, the abuses of ministerial power, and religious and racial discrimination. The Marseillaise Audio and Lyrics. There he opposed the European war that Jacques-Pierre Brissot was advocating as a means of spreading the aims of the Revolution. He quickly attracted attention in an assembly that included some distinguished names. He defended actors, Jews, and Black enslaved people and supported the reunion of Avignon, formerly a papal possession, with France in September 1791. In the latter months of 1793, he … Author: Pierre Roch Vigneron. ", Shusterman, Noah C. "All of His Power Lies in the Distaff: Robespierre, Women and the French Revolution. Leuwers, Hervé (2014) Robespierre. He and other representatives of the Third Estate joined together to form the short-lived National Assembly, which was eventually replaced by the Legislative Assembly and, later, the National Convention. He also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety. Proofs of his growing popularity were the ferocious attacks made by the royalist press on this “Demosthenes,” “who believes everything he says,” this “monkey of Mirabeau’s” (the comte de Mirabeau, a politician who wanted to create a constitutional assembly). Nickname: The Incorruptible. Paris, Pluriel. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Robespierre was the oldest of four children. In many ways it is fitting that Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) is one of the best known figures of the French Revolution, if not its most famous. answer choices. McPhee, Peter. Maximilien de Robespierre was a radical Jacobin leader and one of the principal figures in the French Revolution. He soon made a name for himself and was appointed a judge at the Salle Épiscopale, a court with jurisdiction over the provostship of the diocese. Robespierre nevertheless decided to devote himself fully to his work in the National Assembly, where the constitution was being drawn up. After the Third Estate, which represented commoners and the lower clergy, declared itself the National Assembly, Robespierre became a prominent member of the Revolutionary body. Continental Europe (380–1906). "The Fundamental Ideas of Robespierre", Dicus, Andrew. Robespierre remains a complicated man of history. The Tennis Court Oath. Bienvenu, Richard T. (1968) The Ninth of Thermidor: The Fall of Robespierre. He received a law degree in 1781 and became a lawyer at Arras, where he set up house with his sister Charlotte. He was a qualified lawyer and as the French Revolution took hold he led the radical party, the Jacobins, in the National Covention. During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre came to dominate the Committee of Public Safety, which exercised virtual dictatorial control over the French government and systematically executed some 17,000 perceived enemies of the Revolution. The ‘federalist’ uprisings, the Committee of Public Safety, the assassination of Marat, the Enragés and the popular movement, the general maximum, A Natural History of Revolution: Violence and Nature in the French revolutionary imagination, 1789-1794 by Mary Ashburn Miller, p. 200, Les Actes du Gouvernement Révolutionnaire, p. XI, Robespierre by Patrice Gueniffey, p. 312. Paris ), Les Lettres à ses commettants ( “ Letters to his Constituents ”,! And racial discrimination the Incorruptible for his dedication to civic morality distinguished.... 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